The ionosphere – the region of geospace spanning from 60 to 1000 kilometres above the Earth – impairs the propagation of radio signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) with its ...

Recent research has revealed that the high-altitude explosion of SpaceX's Starship rocket during its second test flight in November 2023 temporarily tore a hole in the ionosphere, the uppermost ...

The spacecraft reached an altitude of 768.03 km, where it remained for 19 min ... increases the “scale height” of the ionosphere by as much as 271% (from a height of 77.0 km to a height of 208.9 km).

Electron density of the Ionosphere around the Earth for a certain point of time: high values in red, low values in blue. The white line marks the geomagnetic equator. CREDIT CCBY 4.0 Smirnov et al.

Background: Importance and complexity of the ionosphere The Earth's ionosphere is the region of the upper atmosphere that extends from about 60 to 1000 kilometres in altitude. Here, charged ...