Supplements are a multi-billion-dollar industry, with the majority of athletes using supplements to support training ...

In a previous blog I explained the reason for the grams per hour recommendations. In a large number of studies there seemed to be only small differences between individuals in terms of the maximum ...

Muscle cramping during exercise is a common problem among athletes that involves sudden, involuntary and painful muscle contraction during or after exercise. The occurrence of cramps is quite ...

In previous blogs we’ve discussed what sodium is and how it might be helpful during exercise. We’ve also discussed that the amount of sodium lost in sweat varies significantly from person to person.

Caffeine is used by many athletes due to its potential as a performance enhancer. There is a substantial amount of scientific evidence to support this. How you get the caffeine into the body can vary.

There are countless times I have watched sports on TV and commentators provide their insights on the regulation of fuel use. “And then you switch to fat metabolism” is one of the commonly heard catch ...

Sodium is the most talked about electrolyte... it is often talked about in relation to hydration but what exactly is it and what exactly does it do? Sodium plays a role in fluid balance, absorption of ...

Caffeine is both a drug and a nutrient. A cup of coffee in the morning is used to wake up a cup in the evening is often used to work or study late. Athletes often use it to improve endurance ...

Guidelines 10 years ago stated that carbohydrate intake during exercise should be 30-60 grams per hour, this developed to intakes of 90 g/h in some situations, but recently a paper was published that ...

The studies by David Costill in the late 1970s (2) showed that caffeine can increase the mobilisation of fatty acids from their stores. Fat is stored in several tissues but mostly in adipose tissues.

In previous blogs we have discussed the role of protein intake for muscle protein synthesis. However, muscle contains many different functional proteins. While most research has focussed on ...